Hit the green arrow beside "Launch Extension" - opens a new window
Make a change, and then hit the refresh button on your debug toolbar - this is in your first editor - not the one that popped open.
UI: For all changes to the "outer UI", like (status bar, file navigation etc.), take a look at the Theme Color reference.
Syntax: For changes to the "code highlighting", examine the syntax scopes by invoking the Developer: Inspect Editor Tokens and Scopes command from the Command Palette in the Extension Development Host window.
Wait a sec, your changes should now be reflected!
Commit your changes to your fork of this repo
Send a PR that contains detailed information about your change (please give me a screenshot of before/after)